| Compressive Strength | Select material with compressive strength suitable for the calculated service load and safety factor. | Approximately 100–250 MPa for many sound granites; actual values vary by stone and test method. | Helps the block resist crushing under concentrated or continuous loads. | Request an independent compressive-strength test report for the specific lot. |
| Water Absorption | Lower absorption is preferred for outdoor, wet, and freeze–thaw applications. | Commonly about 0.1%–1.0% by mass, depending on porosity and granite type. | Lower moisture uptake reduces staining, weathering, and freeze-related damage risk. | Check a water-absorption result tested to the applicable stone standard. |
| Density | Use dense, uniform stone without visible voids, open seams, or weak inclusions. | Typically about 2,630–2,750 kg/m³. | Higher density generally supports durability and stable performance under load. | Compare the declared density with the test report and inspect the cut faces. |
| Dimensional Accuracy | Choose blocks machined to project tolerances, with parallel bearing faces. | Typical custom machining tolerance: approximately ±1–3 mm, subject to size and specification. | Accurate dimensions improve alignment and distribute pressure more evenly. | Measure length, width, height, squareness, and face flatness on delivery. |
| Bearing-Face Flatness | Top and bottom faces should be sawn, ground, or polished as required by the application. | Ground or precision-machined faces are preferable for equipment and structural leveling. | Reduces rocking, point loading, and uneven contact stresses. | Use a straightedge, feeler gauge, or specified dimensional inspection method. |
| Surface Finish | Match the finish to the required friction, appearance, and contact condition. | Sawn, flamed, bush-hammered, honed, or polished surfaces are common options. | Textured finishes can improve slip resistance, while smooth faces aid precise leveling. | Confirm the specified finish and check for chips, cracks, and uneven treatment. |
| Abrasion Resistance | Use dense granite with a durable finish where blocks are exposed to movement or traffic. | Granite commonly has a Mohs hardness of approximately 6–7. | Helps the surface resist wear from handling, vibration, and repeated contact. | Review abrasion testing when the block will be used in high-wear conditions. |
| Thermal Stability | Allow for thermal movement in the design, especially where blocks support machinery or outdoor equipment. | Approximate linear thermal expansion: 5–9 × 10−6/°C for many granites. | Limits alignment changes and stress caused by temperature variation. | Use project-specific thermal data when temperature changes are significant. |
| Crack and Defect Control | Blocks should be free from through-cracks, open veins, delamination, and unstable inclusions. | Natural color variation is acceptable; structural discontinuities require engineering review. | Defects can reduce effective load capacity and accelerate failure. | Carry out visual inspection and, for critical uses, ultrasonic or other non-destructive testing. |
| Load Distribution Design | Size the block so the supported load remains within the allowable bearing capacity of the stone and base. | Common custom sizes include approximately 100–300 mm in width or height, but dimensions must be engineered. | A larger contact area lowers bearing pressure and improves stability. | Calculate load, contact area, eccentricity, and safety factor before installation. |
| Outdoor Durability | Select low-absorption stone and a finish appropriate for the local climate. | Granite is generally suitable for outdoor use when properly selected and installed. | Improves resistance to rain, sunlight, temperature changes, and freeze–thaw exposure. | Review regional freeze–thaw requirements and provide drainage where needed. |
| Installation Safety | Use stable, level foundations and lifting methods suitable for the block weight. | Granite weighs roughly 2.63–2.75 tonnes per cubic metre. | Proper handling reduces dropping hazards, instability, and damage during placement. | Confirm the mass, lifting points, base condition, and applicable site safety procedures. |