| 1 | Total Landed Cost | Budget for more than the machine price: freight, cargo insurance, import duties, taxes, inland transport, unloading, installation, training, and commissioning. | Request a cost breakdown using the same delivery term and destination for every supplier. Separate one-time costs from recurring operating costs. | Itemized commercial offer, applicable tariff classification, packing dimensions, gross weight, and written assumptions for taxes and local charges. |
| 2 | Delivery Terms | International shipments commonly require several weeks for production and transport; port congestion, customs inspections, and inland delivery can add variable time. | Choose a clearly defined Incoterm and identify the party responsible for export clearance, main carriage, insurance, import clearance, and final delivery. | Named place of delivery, estimated production lead time, shipping route, transport mode, responsibility matrix, and delay-notification procedure. |
| 3 | Packaging & Handling | Large machine tools may require a reinforced export crate, moisture protection, lifting points, and specialized unloading equipment. | Verify crate dimensions, lifting weight, center of gravity, forklift or crane requirements, storage limits, and permitted storage orientation. | Packing list, handling drawings, lifting instructions, shock or moisture protection details, and photographs of comparable export packaging. |
| 4 | Site Readiness | Foundation, floor loading, electrical supply, compressed air, coolant handling, ventilation, and access routes must be prepared before arrival. | Complete a site survey covering door height, route width, floor capacity, power frequency and voltage, grounding, drainage, and environmental conditions. | Supplier site-preparation checklist, foundation plan, utility specification, recommended tolerances, and written approval of the buyer’s site drawings. |
| 5 | Installation Scope | Installation and commissioning can take from several days to multiple weeks depending on machine size, accuracy requirements, options, and site conditions. | Define whether installation includes leveling, geometric checks, software setup, tooling setup, test cutting, operator acceptance, and production handover. | Installation schedule, engineer travel responsibilities, acceptance-test procedure, commissioning checklist, and sign-off criteria. |
| 6 | Operator Training | Basic operator and maintenance training is often planned for several working days; advanced programming and process training may require additional sessions. | Specify the number of trainees, language, training location, curriculum, practical exercises, assessment method, and refresher-training options. | Training agenda, manuals, software documentation, attendance records, competency checklist, and terms for remote or on-site follow-up training. |
| 7 | Acceptance Testing | A documented factory acceptance test and site acceptance test reduce disputes about positioning accuracy, repeatability, surface finish, and cycle performance. | Use production-relevant test parts and agree in advance on measurement equipment, test conditions, tolerances, and remedies for failed results. | Signed FAT and SAT protocols, measurement reports, test-part drawings, calibration records, and a clear punch-list closure process. |
| 8 | Warranty Coverage | Warranty periods are commonly defined by a fixed number of months from shipment, installation, or acceptance; the trigger date must be explicit. | Confirm coverage for parts, labor, travel, software, consumables, corrosion, operator error, and damage caused by improper installation or utilities. | Warranty certificate, exclusions, claim procedure, response obligations, repair timeline, and written definition of the warranty start date. |
| 9 | Spare Parts & Service | Critical electrical, lubrication, control, and wear components should have identified part numbers and defined availability or replenishment times. | Classify parts as critical, recommended, or consumable. Consider holding a starter kit when international shipping could interrupt production. | Recommended spare-parts list, prices and validity period, stock locations, service contact channel, escalation path, and target response time. |
| 10 | Remote Support & Continuity | Effective remote support requires secure connectivity, compatible diagnostic tools, clear time-zone coverage, and documented troubleshooting procedures. | Test remote-access capability before shipment and agree on support hours, language, cybersecurity controls, backup procedures, and escalation for production-stopping faults. | Support-service-level agreement, remote-access policy, cybersecurity requirements, backup and recovery instructions, contact directory, and service-report format. |